Upland Soils of the Philippines
Soil Monolith of the Upland Soils of the Philippines exhibited at the BSWM Soil Museum
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Adtuyon Series Location: Barangay Dalwangan, Malaybalay, BUkidnon Classification: Ultisols (Typic Kanhapludults) Parent Materials: Andesitic and basaltic rocks General Description: These soils found on plateau with undulating to rolling landscapes, are reddish brown to yellowish red clay loam and well-drained. Major Land Use: Corn is the major land use. The soils are also grown to pineapple and sugarcane. Soil Management Options: These are acid upland soils. Liming is highly recommended. -
Awayan Series Location: Bulusukan, San Ildefonso, Bulacan Classification: Vertisols (Udorthentic Pellustersts) Parent Materials: Collo-alluvium General Description: The soils are dark brown, clayey, well-drained, and of moderate fertility. During the dry season, the soils crack. Major Land Use: The sampled area was abandoned rice field, now covered by cogon and grass. Soil Management Options: The soils are dominated by shrinking-swelling clays. Rice can be grown successfully in the area. The soils show slight erosion features. Aside from fertility management, there is a need to apply soil conservation measures. -
Kabatohan Series Location: Hayangganon, Claver, Surigao del Norte Classification: Oxisols (Rhodic Hapludox) Parent Materials: Volcanic rocks (serpentine) General Description: These are dark red soils (high in iron) and primarily acidic uplands. Their natural vegetation is limited to acid-soil loving plants. The soils are clayey, granular structure, well-drained and shows moderate erosion features. Major Land Use: Maubuyoc, lugas and other trees are dominant. Soil Management Options: The soils have special and unique use and management requirements due to very low reserve and extremely low native fertility. Nutrient recycling is important. Only almost 10% of the area should be cultivated. -
Mayon Series Location: Barangay Carolina, Naga City, Camarines Sur Classification: Andisols (Hydric Hapludands) Parent Materials: Basaltic and andesitic rocks, lava, ashes, tuff and breccia General Description: These are residual soils that developed from the weathering of materials ejected by Mayon Volcano. The areas have successful agriculture because of high natural fertility of soils. Major Land Use: Coconut, corn, peanut Soil Management Options: Phosphate fertilization problems are associated with volcanic ask soils due to strong phosphate fixation. Age-old fertilization techniques can still do some tricks. -
Paradise Series Location: Bulusukan, San Ildefonso, Bulacan Classification: Inceptisols (Typic Ustropepts) Parent Materials: Conglomerate derived from sedimentary materials General Description: This soils are primarily in rolling sedimentary hills. The drainage is good, low to medium natural fertility. Major Land Use: These soils are primarily under pasture grass. Some cultivated areas are grown to diversified crops. Soil Management Options: These are many stones in the subsurface and cultivation is rather difficult. Aside from pasture, permanent crops would be best for this soil. -
Sampaloc Series Location: Cuyambay, Sampaloc, Tanay Classification: Ultisols (Typic Kandiudults) Parent Materials: Volcanic materials mainly pyroclastics, weathered tuff, basalts and andesites General Description: These occur in moderately dissected upper basaltic plateau. The soils are clayey, deep, and well-drained. Sampaloc series are problem series - acidic, highly leached, phosphorus deficient, normally low in organic matter. Major Land Use: The soils are vegetated by cogon, shrubs, grasses and patches of fruit trees like citrus. Soil Management Options: The soils are highly erodible and need proper soil conservation measures. Liming and organic matter will improve productivity.
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