Upland Soils of the Philippines

Soil Monolith of the Upland Soils of the Philippines exhibited at the BSWM Soil Museum

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  Adtuyon Series

  Location:	Barangay Dalwangan, Malaybalay, BUkidnon
  Classification:	Ultisols (Typic Kanhapludults)
  Parent Materials:	Andesitic and basaltic rocks
  General Description:	These soils found on plateau with undulating to rolling landscapes, are reddish brown to yellowish red clay loam and well-drained.
  Major Land Use:	Corn is the major land use. The soils are also grown to pineapple and sugarcane.
  Soil Management Options:	These are acid upland soils. Liming is highly recommended.

• Awayan Series

  Location:	Bulusukan, San Ildefonso, Bulacan
  Classification:	Vertisols (Udorthentic Pellustersts)
  Parent Materials:	Collo-alluvium
  General Description:	The soils are dark brown, clayey, well-drained, and of moderate fertility. During the dry season, the soils crack.
  Major Land Use:	The sampled area was abandoned rice field, now covered by cogon and grass.
  Soil Management Options:	The soils are dominated by shrinking-swelling clays. Rice can be grown successfully in the area. The soils show slight erosion features. Aside from fertility management, there is a need to apply soil conservation measures.

  
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  Kabatohan Series

  Location:	Hayangganon, Claver, Surigao del Norte
  Classification:	Oxisols (Rhodic Hapludox)
  Parent Materials:	Volcanic rocks (serpentine)
  General Description:	These are dark red soils (high in iron) and primarily acidic uplands. Their natural vegetation is limited to acid-soil loving plants. The soils are clayey, granular structure, well-drained and shows moderate erosion features.
  Major Land Use:	Maubuyoc, lugas and other trees are dominant.
  Soil Management Options:	The soils have special and unique use and management requirements due to very low reserve and extremely low native fertility. Nutrient recycling is important. Only almost 10% of the area should be cultivated.

• Mayon Series

  Location:	Barangay Carolina, Naga City, Camarines Sur
  Classification:	Andisols (Hydric Hapludands)
  Parent Materials:	Basaltic and andesitic rocks, lava, ashes, tuff and breccia
  General Description:	These are residual soils that developed from the weathering of materials ejected by Mayon Volcano. The areas have successful agriculture because of high natural fertility of soils.
  Major Land Use:	Coconut, corn, peanut
  Soil Management Options:	Phosphate fertilization problems are associated with volcanic ask soils due to strong phosphate fixation. Age-old fertilization techniques can still do some tricks.

  
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  Paradise Series

  Location:	Bulusukan, San Ildefonso, Bulacan
  Classification:	Inceptisols (Typic Ustropepts)
  Parent Materials:	Conglomerate derived from sedimentary materials
  General Description:	This soils are primarily in rolling sedimentary hills. The drainage is good, low to medium natural fertility.
  Major Land Use:	These soils are primarily under pasture grass. Some cultivated areas are grown to diversified crops.
  Soil Management Options:	These are many stones in the subsurface and cultivation is rather difficult. Aside from pasture, permanent crops would be best for this soil.

• Sampaloc Series

  Location:	Cuyambay, Sampaloc, Tanay
  Classification:	Ultisols (Typic Kandiudults)
  Parent Materials:	Volcanic materials mainly pyroclastics, weathered tuff, basalts and andesites
  General Description:	These occur in moderately dissected upper basaltic plateau. The soils are clayey, deep, and well-drained. Sampaloc series are problem series - acidic, highly leached, phosphorus deficient, normally low in organic matter.
  Major Land Use:	The soils are vegetated by cogon, shrubs, grasses and patches of fruit trees like citrus.
  Soil Management Options:	The soils are highly erodible and need proper soil conservation measures. Liming and organic matter will improve productivity.